Attention Deficit Disorders And History Of Concussions

Abstract

BACKGROUND: It is estimated that 5-10% of athletes will experience a concussion during any given sport season. Research has shown that Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurobehavioral disorders, affecting approximately 7 to 8% of school-aged children. This disorder is characterized by symptoms of impulsivity and inattention and can persist through early adulthood. Statistics show that approximately 4 to 10% of high school and college students have been diagnosed with ADHD. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine neurocognitive differences in college-aged club athletes with ADHD and a history of concussions compared to those without. METHODS: The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACTTM) test was used to determine neurocognitive function in 378 club athletes (Rugby, Lacrosse, Ice Hockey, Equestrian, Baseball, Basketball, Soccer, Field Hockey). ADHD diagnosis and concussion history information were also gathered. Of all athletes tested, 116 had a history of concussions, 47 had an ADHD diagnosis, and 17 of those diagnosed with ADHD had a history of concussions. RESULTS: Significant differences in symptom score (p<0.05) were observed between those with ADHD and those without. In addition those with ADHD and a previous history of concussion had significantly different reaction time (p<0.05) and symptom scores (p<0.05) compared to those with ADHD and without a history of concussions. In addition, incidence of ADHD was significantly different across sport (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: ADHD and history of concussions may influence neurocognitive function and be an important consideration in concussion recovery.