Abstract
The spread of misinformation and disinformation online can do serious damage to individuals, organizations, and society in general. To fully comprehend user interaction when sharing information online, we need to examine why users decide to share misinformation without attentive behavior and how the latest attention-based design approach can address this. We investigate and represent knowledge based on Human-Computer Interaction by applying an ontological approach through a thematic literature review to describe a clearly coherent and well-defined pattern about the relationship between attention-based design and user decisions on information sharing. We conducted a review to collect, examine, and synthesize outputs of previous studies, mixing both forward and backward search strategies. Three key themes we identified include attention-based design, attentive behavior for information sharing, and attention-based design on information sharing. The review interpreted that, (1) attention-based design is significantly related to user decisions on information sharing, and a better understanding of the link between these is not yet properly described, (2) attention-based design has a further influence on increasing task effectiveness when users are dealing with a task where they are more focused and aware, (3) attention-based design, including selective attention, can influence user decisions, especially in completing tasks that emphasize a visual-based approach, (4) attention-based design is an indispensable feature to increase user attention when sharing information on the omnipresence of social media, and (5) psychological factors such as social influences, epistemic belief and cognitive dissonance affect user decisions when sharing information.
Highlights
INTRODUCTION "Pay attention or pay the price" is a creative tagline for non-commercial adverts, which is defined by Auckland Transport regarding the significance and lack of attentive behavior often encountered in people [1]
The distribution of included studies concerning research methodologies is shown in Figure 4, which shows that the majority of attention-based design and information sharing studies used a mixed methodology, and most of these studies are experimentally based
We found a relationship between attention-based design and how it is applied in social media applications, including an article [52] which states that users employed control strategies to share their information in a way they like or believe, influenced by the risk factors and the benefits they get from the control behavior
Summary
INTRODUCTION "Pay attention or pay the price" is a creative tagline for non-commercial adverts, which is defined by Auckland Transport regarding the significance and lack of attentive behavior often encountered in people [1]. Regarding today's online life, when the sharing of information on social media is not accompanied by attentive behavior, there may be an enormous price we have to pay when dealing with the consequences and potential harm indirectly caused by sharing false information This can even affect the global economic situation such as what happened on Twitter when Barack Obama was rumored to have been injured in an explosion and this resulted in a loss of $130 billion in stock value trading [2]. In 2014, a story about Ebola victims went viral, and even though the news was not true it was still shared millions of times and caused psychological burdens such as anxiety, terror, and falsehood in people's lives This kind of "hoax" happens every day in social media, especially amid the COVID-19 pandemic [3]. As an indication of the extent of this problem, recent studies [5] revealed that around 59% of links on Twitter were shared by users without even reading them
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