Abstract
Truffles are ectomycorrhizal mushrooms that grow in specific climates. They are rare and famous for their secondary metabolites and their promising biological activities. Truffles are considered from the most expensive macrofungi all over the world. Understanding the rare and uncommon types of interaction between truffles and their different invadors is of high significance. However, studies describing such relation are very limited. In this review, we describe general description and ecology of truffles. Examples on microbes attracted to colonize fruiting bodies of truffles were mentioned. Finally, factors causing truffles damage such as pathogenic fungal attacks, truffles rot, and insects’ invasion were highlighted.
Highlights
Truffles are the fruiting bodies of edible fungi
We describe general description and ecology of truffles
Some truffle fungi may benefit their plant host in other ways as some volatile organic compounds released by Tuber may negatively impact plant growth (Splivallo et al, 2007)
Summary
Truffles are the fruiting bodies of edible fungi These are known to possess high economic value among mushrooms mainly for their characteristic aroma and flavour profile (Wang and Marcone, 2011). Antimicrobial activities of desert ectomycorrhizal mushrooms (Truffles) have been investigated decades ago by many researchers who studied extracts of Terfezia claveryi which exhibited antiviral activity. Truffle extracts showed Antiviral activity as reported by Hussan and Al-Ruqaie, (1999). These bioactives are present in trace amounts and their concentrations vary with species and location of cultivation (Al-Laith, 2010). Truffles associated with a host plant in order to produce mature fruiting bodies and complete their life cycle (Payen et al, 2014)
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