ATRT-21. RHABDOID PREDISPOSITION SYNDROME: REPORT OF MOLECULAR PROFILES AND TREATMENT APPROACH IN THREE CHILDREN WITH SYNCHRONOUS ATYPICAL TERATOID/RHABDOID TUMOR AND MALIGNANT RHABDOID TUMOR

Abstract

BACKGROUNDRhabdoid predisposition syndrome is characterized by germline alterations in SMARCB1 or SMARCA4, leading to synchronous or metachronous central nervous system (CNS) and extra-CNS rhabdoid tumors. Rare survivors have been reported to date.METHODSWe describe the molecular profiling and treatment regimen of three patients with synchronous atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) and malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (MRT-K). All patients underwent radical nephrectomy of the kidney, and gross total resection of the primary CNS tumor was achieved for two patients. An intensive chemotherapy regimen was administered; an induction phase based on the modified Third Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS-III) for ATRT followed by a consolidation phase with three cycles of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell rescue, without irradiation. All three patients were enrolled on an institutional comprehensive genomic profiling protocol.RESULTSA germline focal 22q deletion, including SMARCB1, was detected in two patients, while the third patient had a maternally-inherited heterozygous frameshift variant in SMARCB1. Somatic loss of heterozygosity of 22q was identified in all patients, resulting in biallelic inactivation of SMARCB1. Divergent tumor subgroups were described using DNA methylation. The three MRT-K samples were classified as MYC subtype. One ATRT was classified as SHH while the other as TYR. One patient is currently three years off-therapy without evidence of disease, while the other two patients have completed the consolidation phase without recurrent disease.CONCLUSIONMolecular profiling of CNS and extra-CNS rhabdoid tumors revealed different epigenetic subgroups. An intensive multimodal therapeutic approach without irradiation may achieve prolonged survival.