Atrioventricular Block in a Patient with Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava and Absent Right Subclavian Vein: A Case Report

Abstract

Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava (PLSVC) is an uncommon congenital anomaly, with an incidence of 0.5% in the general population. Moreover, the right superior vena cava anomaly with PLSVC is even rarer, with an incidence of 0.09%-0.13% in the general population. Patients with PLSVC and an absent right subclavian vein may present complications when undergoing conventional pacemaker lead implantation due to their vein anomalies. In this case report, a leadless pacemaker proved to be a useful alternative in a patient with the complete atrioventricular block with PLSVC and an absent right subclavian vein defect, the latter being found incidentally during the initial pacemaker implantation. This case highlights the importance of evaluating the presence of vascular malformations before surgical intervention.