Abstract
The surface distribution of liquid pig manure on the soil aiming crop fertilization is a common activity in pig farms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil quality according to the quantification of its chemical attributes in different management systems and time of use of liquid pig manure. Chemical attributes of an Entisol were evaluated in three layers. The treatments consisted of a native forest area (NF) and three farming areas: perennial Tifton 85 (Cinodon spp.) pasture with successive use of pig manure for 4 (PP4) and 16 years (PP16) and annual cultivation of grains in no-till farming for 16 years (NTF), located in a rural property in the municipality of Tres Passos, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The use pig maure in PP4 and PP16 increased the Cu and Zn content in the soil surface layer when compared to the native forest area, indicating significant contribution of pig manure in the increase of these elements in the soil. The successive application of pig manure in PP16 increased the P content in the 0-5 cm layer above the critical environmental limits (CEL-P), which could the soil quality. The cation exchange capacity (CEC), total organic carbon (TOC) and Cu, Zn and P in soil are the chemical attributes that can be used as soil quality indicators.
Highlights
The surface distribution of liquid pig manure on the soil aiming crop fertilization is a common activity in pig farms
The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil quality according to the quantification of its chemical attributes in different management systems and time of use of liquid pig manure
The treatments consisted of a native forest area (NF) and three farming areas: perennial Tifton 85 (Cinodon spp.) pasture with successive use of pig manure for 4 (PP4) and 16 years (PP16) and annual cultivation of grains in no-till farming for 16 years (NTF), located in a rural property in the municipality of Três Passos, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Summary
O estudo foi realizado em uma propriedade rural no município de Três Passos, localizado no noroeste do estado Rio Grande do Sul, latitude 27o30'44'' S e longitude 53o53'54'' W. O trabalho foi composto por quatro tratamentos e oito repetições em diferentes usos do solo, sendo uma área de mata nativa (MN), usada como testemunha, e três áreas de cultivo: 1) pastagem perene de tifton 85 (Cinodon spp.) com uso sucessivo de dejetos líquido de suínos durante quatro anos (PP4); 2) pastagem perene de tifton 85 com uso sucessivo de dejetos líquido de suínos durante 16 anos (PP16); 3) cultivo anual de grãos em plantio direto durante 16 anos (PD), sob adubação mineral. Na Tabela 1 estão especificadas a profundidade efetiva do perfil do solo, obtida pela diferença de altura entre a superfície do solo e a camada rochosa; a granulometria (teor de argila, areia grosa, areia fina e silte), determinado pelo método da pipeta, após dispersão da amostra com NaOH 1,0 mol L-1; e a densidade das partículas, quantificada pelo método do balão volumétrico (DONAGEMA et al 2011), na camada de 0-10 cm, nas quatro áreas. As médias de tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste t de Student, utilizado o programa estatístico SISVAR, tomando como base os níveis de significância maiores que 95% (p≤0,05)
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