Abstract
The effect of cover crops annually implanted in the summer, since 2001, under no-tillage system, on the soil chemical attributes was evaluated. The experiment was carried out in Embrapa Rice & Beans, in Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, Brazil, in a Dystrophic Red Latosol (Red Oxisol). Brachiaria brizantha, corn (Zea mays L.) associated with B. brizantha, pigeon pea, millet, Panicum maximum, sorghum, Stylosanthes guianensis, and sunn hemp were used as cover crops. Sixty days after the cut of the cover crops, common bean crop was implanted, under a central pivot sprinkler irrigation system. In November 2001, 2005, and 2006, soil samples were collected in the depths of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and 10-20 cm. Immediately after the 2005 sampling, it was applied 4,000 kg ha-1 of dolomitic lime, in all the experimental area. Cover crops affected soil pH and magnesium content in the superficial layer. Soil under millet showed higher phosphorus content in subsuperficial layers, in relation to the initial values. The soil P and Cu contents were higher in the subsuperficial layers, while the other chemical attributes were higher in the superficial layer. There was movement of Ca and Mg in the soil profile, one year after the application of lime in the soil surface. KEY-WORDS: No-tillage system; grasses; Leguminosae; soil fertility.
Highlights
The effect of cover crops annually implanted in the summer, since 2001, under no-tillage system, on the soil chemical attributes was evaluated
O solo sob milheto apresentou maiores teores de fósforo, nas camadas subsuperficiais, em relação aos teores iniciais
Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Viçosa, v. 32, n. 4, p. 1609-1618, 2008
Summary
The effect of cover crops annually implanted in the summer, since 2001, under no-tillage system, on the soil chemical attributes was evaluated. De acordo com revisão realizada por Pavinato & Rosolem (2008), tem ocorrido acúmulo de nutrientes nas camadas superficiais do solo, no sistema plantio direto. A eficácia do sistema plantio direto está relacionada, dentre outros fatores, com a quantidade e a qualidade de resíduos produzidos pelas plantas de cobertura, persistência destes resíduos sobre o solo, velocidade de decomposição e liberação de nutrientes, segundo Torres & Pereira (2008). Pode-se citar o significativo aumento dos teores de fósforo e potássio nas camadas superficiais do solo sob sistema plantio direto. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar, após quatro anos, as alterações nos atributos químicos do solo cultivado com diferentes culturas de cobertura e, adicionalmente, verificar se elas afetam os valores de pH e os teores de cálcio e magnésio, um ano após a aplicação de calcário na superfície do solo
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