Abstract

A 68-year-old woman with a history of rheumatic heart disease was referred to our Institution with heart failure symptoms. In 1991, she had undergone aortic valve replacement due to aortic stenosis. A two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiogram (2D-TTE) revealed severe mitral regurgitation (SMR) and stenosis, severe tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonary hypertension, giant left atrium (LA) and non-dilated LV with normal left …

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