Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinical arrhythmia. Atrial electrical remodeling and structural remodeling are the important mechanisms for AF. The intracellular Ca2+ handling abnormalities play an important role in the induction of triggered ectopic activity and in the activation of Ca2+ -related cell signaling which mediates fibrillatory remodeling. In addition, the importance of microRNAs, which are a new class of small noncoding sequences that regulate gene expression, has been found in both electrical and structural remodeling. The new discovery of AF mechanisms are helpful to exploring the effective treatment for AF, showing good prospects for the use of translational perspectives. Key words: Atrial fibrillation
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