Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) as an endogenous anxiolytic in patients with heart failure? – No replication of previous results showing an inverse association of anxiety and plasma ANP parameters

Abstract

ObjectiveAn acute anxiolytic-like effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has been demonstrated in several preclinical and clinical studies. In a so far singular study (Herrmann-Lingen et al., 2003), patients with congestive heart failure, who pathognomonicly display increased plasma ANP, showed a significant inverse association of anxiety symptoms and pro-ANP levels, giving rise to speculations about ANP as an endogenous anxiolytic. We tried to replicate and extend this preliminary finding. MethodsIn 56 patients suffering from heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction we measured ANP, mid-regional pro-ANP (MR-proANP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) as plasma parameters of ANP functioning and characterized anxiety symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and in addition the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for state anxiety. Spearman rank correlation coefficients were calculated. ResultsNone of our plasma ANP parameters showed a significant association with anxiety symptoms as per HADS ratings. The same picture emerged with STAI state anxiety. ANP, MR-proANP and cGMP significantly correlated with each other. ConclusionIn another sample of patients with heart failure we were unable to replicate previous and preliminary cross-sectional findings of low anxiety in subjects with high plasma pro-ANP. Direct measurement of effector hormone ANP and its second messenger as well did not support our hypothesis. Chronically elevated ANP in heart failure might attenuate its potential anxiolytic effects. Longitudinal studies experimentally increasing ANP levels in anxious heart failure patients are needed to test if this approach has clinical psychotropic utility.