Atrial Fibrillation and Pulmonary Venous ElectricalConduction Recovery AfterFullSurgicalResection and Anastomosisofthe Pulmonary Veins: Insights From Follow-Up and Ablation Procedures in LungTransplant Recipients.

Abstract

The authors report their experience with atrial fibrillation (AF) rates and ablation findings in lung transplant recipients. Pulmonary venous (PV) conduction recovery accounts for most failed atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation procedures. Lung transplantation involves full surgical resection and replacement of the recipient's PVs withdonor's PVs, which may represent the ultimate PV ablation. They followed 755 consecutive lung transplant recipients categorized based on transplant status (unilateralvs. bilateral) and pre-transplant AF. In patients without pre-transplant AF (n= 704), late AF (beyond 6 months after transplant) occurred in 2.5%and 3.3% of unilateral or bilateral lung transplants, respectively. In patients with pre-transplant AF (n= 51), AF recurred in 19.4% and 25.0% of bilateral and unilateral transplants, respectively. In a subset of patients who underwent left atrial ablations after transplant for recurrent refractory AF (n= 8), PV conduction recovery across the surgical anastomoses lines was observed in 22 of 26 previously disconnected PVs. Conduction recovery was observed in≥1 vein in all but 1 patient. Re-isolation of the veins with additional substrate modification/flutter ablations successfully restored and maintained sinus rhythm in 7 of 8 patients. In lung transplant recipients who undergo full surgical resection of the PVs, a prior history of AF wasassociated with late AF, regardless of whether patients underwent single or bilateral lung transplantation. PVconduction recovery still occurred and was observed in most patients who underwent left atrial ablation procedures for recurrent AF.