Atrial and Ventricular Strain Imaging Using CMR in the Prediction of Ventricular Arrhythmia in Patients with Myocarditis

Abstract

(1) Objective: Myocarditis can be associated with ventricular arrhythmia (VA), individual non-invasive risk stratification through cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is of great clinical significance. Our study aimed to explore whether left atrial (LA) and left ventricle (LV) myocardial strain serve as independent predictors of VA in patients with myocarditis. (2) Methods: This retrospective study evaluated CMR scans in 141 consecutive patients diagnosed with myocarditis based on the updated Lake Louise criteria (29 females, mean age 41 ± 20). The primary endpoint was VA; this encompassed ventricular fibrillation, sustained ventricular tachycardia, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, and frequent premature ventricular complexes. LA and LV strain function were performed on conventional cine SSFP sequences. (3) Results: After a median follow-up time of 23 months (interquartile range (18–30)), 17 patients with acute myocarditis reached the primary endpoint. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, LA reservoir (hazard ratio [HR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93 [0.87–0.99], p = 0.02), LA booster (0.87 95% CI [0.76–0.99], p = 0.04), LV global longitudinal (1.26 95% CI [1.02–1.55], p = 0.03), circumferential (1.37 95% CI [1.08–1.73], p = 0.008), and radial strain (0.89 95% CI [0.80–0.98], p = 0.01) were all independent determinants of VA. Patients with LV global circumferential strain > −13.3% exhibited worse event-free survival compared to those with values ≤ −13.3% (p < 0.0001). (4) Conclusions: LA and LV strain mechanism on CMR are independently associated with VA events in patients with myocarditis, independent to LV ejection fraction, and late gadolinium enhancement location. Incorporating myocardial strain parameters into the management of myocarditis may improve risk stratification.