Abstract
The Atoyac River crosses the metropolitan area of Puebla-Tlaxcala in Mexico and presents a state of pollution that has been scarcely studied. In 2016, the water quality of the river was evaluated based on physicochemical and bacteriological parameters, under the guidelines established for the Maximum Permissible Limit (MPL) for Aquatic Life Protection (ALP) and Agricultural Irrigation (AI). The sampling sites were the Covadonga Dam, the Echeverría Dam, and an irrigation canal. Water from wells and a spring in the Emilio Portes Gil (EPG) population that uses Atoyac water for agricultural irrigation was also analyzed. The data obtained from the river were compared with the 2011 data published in the declaration of classification of Atoyac and Xochiac or Hueyapan and its tributaries. There was a notable increase in hemical oxygen demand (COD) (49%) and in heavy metals with varying percentages. The anoxic condition of the river (mean 1.47 mg of O2/L) with large populations of coliform bacteria was demonstrated, 11 pathogenic members of the Enterobacteriaceae were found, and high organic pollution concentrations were shown, particularly during droughts. Irrigation and well water was contaminated with fecal bacteria (104–549 NMP/100 mL), which included pathogens.
Highlights
The pollution of surface water bodies is an important environmental problem throughout the world [1]
In this study, we evaluated the spatial-temporal dynamics of several parameters (Coliformes totals, Fecal Coliforms, Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria, pH, T (◦ C), O2, COD BDO5, Turbidity, Color, Al, Fe, Ni, Zn, Pb, Co, Cd, Cu, Cr) in the Atoyac River, Puebla city during 2016
Borosilicate glass bottles with an outward edge and a 300 mL ground glass stop were used for BOD5, COD, turbidity, and color, 500 mL wide neck polyethylene bottles were used for the heavy metals, and sterile plastic bottles of 100 mL
Summary
The pollution of surface water bodies is an important environmental problem throughout the world [1]. The Alto Atoyac watershed extends from where the draining of the Atoyac River is born until the “Manuel Ávila Camacho” Dam (Valsequillo). It has a contribution area of 4135.52 km and includes part of the states of Puebla (22 municipalities) and Tlaxcala (47 municipalities) [7,8]. At present, this hydrological region presents negative availability (water deficit to meet the use authorized by the federal government) and significant deterioration in the quality of the surface water [5,8]
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