Atopic Dermatitis

Abstract

Introduction Atopic dermatitis, also referred to as atopic eczema, infantile eczema, allergic eczema, disseminated neurodermatitis, and prurigo Besnier, is a common and important cause of morbidity in children of all ages. A total of 22% of patients seen in pediatric dermatology clinics have atopic dermatitis. In 1969, Wingert et al reported that 4% of pediatric emergency room visits at the Los Angeles County General Hospital were due to atopic dermatitis, and this did not include patients seen for impetigo, a common complication of atopic dermatitis. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis in the pediatric population has increased over the past 3 decades from 3% to 10%, and it appears to be even higher in heavily populated urban areas. Pediatricians, therefore, must understand its pathogenesis and management. Epidemiology Sixty percent of children who have atopic dermatitis manifest their disease in the first year of life; 90% do so by age 5 years. A genetically prone individual may not manifest the disease until exposed to a particular environmental situation. Onset has been associated with relocation from a rural to an urban location or from a region of high to low humidity. The course of adopic dermatitis is difficult to predict, although one 15-year longitudinal study revealed that the disease persisted in 60% of cases.