Atopic Dermatitis due to House Dust Mite: A Review

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic skin condition brought on by malfunction of the skin barrier, frequently manifests as eczema and itchy lesions in the flexural folds and other recognizable distributions. Environmental factors and immune system changes may also contribute to the development of these lesions. The chance of getting AD can be impacted by exposure to house dust mites. Atopic sensitization and allergy illness are primarily brought on by house dust mites (HDMs) globally. The primary source of allergens in HDM is mite feces, notably those from the species Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Euroglyphus maynei, and Blomia tropicalis. When a patient has AD brought on by HDM, atopy patch testing and prick testing can help with the diagnosis. Immunotherapy with allergens should be taken into consideration as the sole etiological therapy currently available when avoiding triggering variables is insufficient to minimize symptoms and IgE sensitization as demonstrated by skin prick testing and/or IgE testing. Physical and pharmacological therapies are used to lessen or prevent exposure to HDM (living, dead mites, and feces). Physical barriers, like mattress covers, are one type of physical intervention. Others include changing the floor coverings, getting rid of soft furnishings, vacuuming, air filtration, removing dolls and other delicate toys, heating, freezing, and washing (55°C or higher). Due to the apparent symbiotic interaction between mites and fungi, chemical interventions such as acaricide sprays and antifungal medications seem to diminish the amount of HDMs.