Abstract
Extensive flow visualization using schlieren/shadowgraph, flash photography and short duration (ns) laser imaging, and drop size measurements are reported in this work. The supersonic nozzle operating conditions ranged from an overexpanded to highly underexpanded mode. A phenomenon of the liquid jet expanding into a bubblelike formation as it interacts with the first set of waves is explained. Photographic evidence indicated the presence of a primary region enclosed by the first shock cell where the primary breakup occurred, a secondary region enclosing the bubblelike formation, and a third subsonic region further downstream. Atomization seemed to be initiated by the growth of three-dimennional structures on the liquid surface
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