Abstract
Flat optics aims for the on-chip miniaturization of optical systems for high-speed and low-power operation, with integration of thin and lightweight components. Here, we present atomically thin yet optically isotropic films realized by using three-dimensional (3D) topographic reconstruction of anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) films to balance the out-of-plane and in-plane optical responses on the subwavelength scale. We achieve this by conformal growth of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) films on nanodome-structured substrates. The resulting films show an order-of-magnitude increase in the out-of-plane susceptibility for enhanced angular performance, displaying polarization isotropy in the off-axis absorption, as well as improved photoluminescence emission profiles, compared to their flat-film counterparts. We further show that such 3D geometric programming of optical properties is applicable to different TMD materials, offering spectral generalization over for the entire visible range. Our approach presents a powerful platform for advancing the development of atomically thin flat optics with custom-designed light–matter interactions.
Highlights
Flat optics aims for the on-chip miniaturization of optical systems for high-speed and low-power operation, with integration of thin and lightweight components
2D material-based flat optics is at an early stage of development, limited to specific optical configurations such as normal incidence with small numerical apertures.[11−13] A primary bottleneck is the appalling angular performance, originating from a fundamental limitation on 2D materials; as a consequence of their atomic thinness, these materials interact only with in-plane polarized light, resulting in negligible out-of-plane responses.[23−25] Being able to generate out-of-plane optical responses is a key challenge for engineering light−matter interactions in the angular domain
This enables the generation of optical isotropy in a predictable and systematic way: by balancing the out-of-plane and in-plane optical responses
Summary
Flat optics aims for the on-chip miniaturization of optical systems for high-speed and low-power operation, with integration of thin and lightweight components. We observe that angular dependence of the absorption enhancement for the s-polarization is independent of Θ (Adome,s/Aflat,s ≅ 2.4) because the electric field of the spolarized light stays parallel to in-plane direction.
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