Abstract
This chapter examines the atomic structure. The concept of atoms dates back over 2000 years, while modern concepts of atomic theory date back 250 years. The simplest model for atomic structure based on Ernest Rutherford's conclusions is the Bohr model, a model put forward by the Danish physicist Niels Bohr in 1913. The Bohr model of atomic structure consists of electrons (negatively charged) revolving around the nucleus (positively charged) at certain (quantized) fixed distances in a set of orbits. Erwin Schrödinger then emphasized the wave nature of electrons using wave mechanics. The wave equation solutions for electrons in atoms require the quantum numbers n (principal quantum number), l (azimuthal or angular momentum quantum number), and ml (magnetic quantum number). A fourth quantum number, ms, describes spin. The chapter then looks at the electronic structure and the periodic table.
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