Atomic structure and crystallography of joints in SnO2 nanowire networks

Viola Duppel,Rainer Adelung,Yogendra Kumar Mishra,Lorenz Kienle,Ingo Paulowicz,Viktor Hrkac,Niklas Wolff

doi:10.1007/s42649-019-0003-7

Viola Duppel, Rainer Adelung + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s42649-019-0003-7

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Journal: Applied Microscopy	Publication Date: Apr 29, 2019
Citations: 8	License type: open-access

Affiliation: Fachhochschule Kiel, Kiel University

Abstract

Joints of three-dimensional (3D) rutile-type (r) tin dioxide (SnO2) nanowire networks, produced by the flame transport synthesis (FTS), are formed by coherent twin boundaries at (101)r serving for the interpenetration of the nanowires. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods, i.e. high resolution and (precession) electron diffraction (PED), were utilized to collect information of the atomic interface structure along the edge-on zone axes [010]r, [111]r and superposition directions [001]r, [101]r. A model of the twin boundary is generated by a supercell approach, serving as base for simulations of all given real and reciprocal space data as for the elaboration of three-dimensional, i.e. relrod and higher order Laue zones (HOLZ), contributions to the intensity distribution of PED patterns. Confirmed by the comparison of simulated and experimental findings, details of the structural distortion at the twin boundary can be demonstrated.

Highlights

The capability of developing functionalmaterials for complex or high-tech applications originates in the deliberate control of innovative and sophisticated manufacturing processes (Davis 2002; Dick et al 2004; Mathur et al 2005)
This flame transport synthesis (FTS) network is constructed by nano −/ microwires and nanobelts interconnecting via junctions as exemplarily demonstrated in the inset of Fig. 2a
Chemical impurities within the investigated areas can be excluded via accompanied energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses which exhibited exclusively a composition of Tin dioxide (SnO2)

Summary

Introduction

The capability of developing functional (nano-)materials for complex or high-tech applications originates in the deliberate control of innovative and sophisticated manufacturing processes (Davis 2002; Dick et al 2004; Mathur et al 2005). With variation of process parameters and utilization of various metal oxides (e.g. ZnO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, TiO2) a fabrication of several three dimensionally interconnected network systems is realized. The latter can be categorized into different synthesis classes, forming all by the combination of quasi one-dimensional (Q1D) nano−/microstructure building blocks, as described elsewhere (Xia et al 2003; Zhang et al 2003). In this manner, flexible macroscopic materials with the advantageous properties of ceramics are formed, enabling the application in. As immanent task the investigation of these defects with adequate measuring equipment becomes compulsory: Conventional and advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) enables an analytical approach of studying such defects and deducing required structure models (Hrkac et al 2015)

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