Atomic self-ordering in a ring cavity with counterpropagating pump fields

Abstract

The collective dynamics of mobile scatterers and light in optical resonators generates complex behaviour. For strong transverse illumination a phase transition from homogeneous to crystalline particle order appears. In contrast, cold particles inside a single-side pumped ring cavity exhibit an instability towards bunching and collective acceleration called collective atomic recoil lasing (CARL). We demonstrate that by driving two orthogonally polarized counterpropagating modes of a ring resonator one realises both cases within one system. As a function of the two pump intensities the corresponding phase diagram exhibits regions in which either a generalized form of self-ordering towards a travelling density wave with constant centre-of-mass velocity or a CARL instability is formed. Time-dependent control of the cavity driving then allows to accelerate or slow down and trap a sufficiently dense beam of linearly polarizable particles.