Abstract
To date, the formation mechanisms of TiO2, as well as its heterostructures, have not been clarified. Moreover, detailed research on the transition from a tetragonal anatase phase to the monoclinic phase of the TiO2(B) phase and their interface structure has been quite limited until now. In the present study, we report on the sonochemical synthesis of TiO2-anatase with a crystallite size of 5.2 ± 1.5 nm under different NaOH concentrations via the hydrothermal method. The use of alkaline solution and the effect of the temperature and reaction time on the formation and structural properties of TiO2-anatase nanopowders were studied. The effects of NaOH concentration on the formation and transformation of titanate structures are subject to thermal effects that stem from the redistribution of energy in the system. These mechanisms could be attributed to three phenomena: (1) the self-assembly of nanofibers and nanosheets, (2) the Ostwald ripening process, and (3) the self-development of hollow TiO2 mesostructures.
Highlights
Since the first report about water photolysis on titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) electrodes under ultraviolet light irradiation by Fujishinma and Honda in 1972 [1], TiO2 nanostructures have been widely studied for optical, electrical, and photochemical applications due to their chemical stability and good performance [2,3,4]
The high background is associated with the crystallite size and lattice strain
The experimental X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) pattern was compared with the JCPDS card No 21-1272, and dashed lines were located at
Summary
Since the first report about water photolysis on titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) electrodes under ultraviolet light irradiation by Fujishinma and Honda in 1972 [1], TiO2 nanostructures have been widely studied for optical, electrical, and photochemical applications due to their chemical stability and good performance [2,3,4] After this important investigation, Marchand et al reported, almost eight years later in 1980, on the synthesis of a lamellae structure produced by the hydrothermal treatment of TiO2 with alkaline solution followed by heat treatment at 500 ◦ C: the synthesized product exhibited a new metastable phase of TiO2 that was named the TiO2 (B) phase due to it showing a similar structure as bronze alloy [5]. These latest reports indicate that the titanate nanostructures combine the properties of conventional titanate (e.g., ion exchange) and TiO2 (e.g., photocatalysis) [19]
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