Atomic four-levelNsystems

Abstract

We investigate the atomic four-level $N$ configuration both analytically and numerically, for various pump and probe intensities, with and without transfer of coherence (TOC) and Doppler broadening, and compare the results obtained to those of realistic atomic systems. We find that TOC affects the whole spectrum, in addition to producing an electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) peak at line center. We show that the EIA peak splits as the pump intensity increases. These results are compared with those of realistic systems. When the pump is ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{+}$ polarized and the probe is $\ensuremath{\pi}$ polarized, the results are similar to those of the $N$ configuration. When the pump and probe polarizations are both linear with perpendicular polarizations, various $N$-like subsystems contribute to the spectrum. Consequently, the splitting of the EIA peak only occurs at very high pump intensities. We also discuss the influence of the probe on the pump absorption and refraction and find that both the pump and probe show EIA peaks when the pump intensity is low, and complementary behavior when the pump is intense. At both low and high pump intensity, the pump and probe dispersions are of opposite sign.