Abstract
BackgroundTo compare the anterior surface roughness of two commercially available posterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses (IOLs) using atomic force microscopy (AFM).MethodsFour phakic IOLs were used for this prospective, experimental study: two Visian ICL EVO+ V5 lenses and two iPCL 2.0 lenses. All of them were brand new, were not previously implanted in humans, were monofocal and had a dioptric power of − 12 diopters (D). The anterior surface roughness was assessed using a JPK NanoWizard II® atomic force microscope in contact mode immersed in liquid. Olympus OMCL-RC800PSA commercial silicon nitride cantilever tips were used. Anterior surface roughness measurements were made in 7 areas of 10 × 10 μm at 512 × 512 point resolution. The roughness was measured using the root-mean-square (RMS) value within the given regions.ResultsThe mean of all anterior surface roughness measurements was 6.09 ± 1.33 nm (nm) in the Visian ICL EVO+ V5 and 3.49 ± 0.41 nm in the iPCL 2.0 (p = 0.001).ConclusionIn the current study, we found a statistically significant smoother anterior surface in the iPCL 2.0 phakic intraocular lenses compared with the VISIAN ICL EVO+ V5 lenses when studied with atomic force microscopy.
Highlights
To compare the anterior surface roughness of two commercially available posterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses (IOLs) using atomic force microscopy (AFM)
RMS values of each 10 × 10 μm2 area measured for the Visian ICL EVO+ V5 IOLs and in Table 3 for iPCL 2.0
In the current study, we found a statistically significant smoother anterior surface on the iPCL 2.0 phakic intraocular lenses compared with the VISIAN ICL EVO+ V5 lenses when studied with atomic force microscopy
Summary
To compare the anterior surface roughness of two commercially available posterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses (IOLs) using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The roughness of the IOL surface has been associated with the amount of light scattering [2, 3]. In addition to light scattering, differences in the IOL anterior surface roughness have been related to postoperative outcomes such as the rotational stability of pseudophakic toric IOLs [4]. The surface roughness can be measured with various techniques, such as optical microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy [5, 6]; notably, atomic force microscopy (AFM) obtains objective measurements with high resolution on the nanometric scale [1, 7].
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