Abstract
We investigate the effect of virtual photon processes (due to the antirotating terms in the Hamiltonian) on the time-dependent physical spectrum emitted by a two-level atom interacting with a single-mode quantized field in a perfect cavity. By means of a Heisenberg operator perturbative technique, a generalized emission spectrum is obtained which includes a contribution from the phase-dependent quantum interference between the real and virtual photons. The spectrum is phase sensitive. The effects of different statistics of the initial cavity mode are reported. For the cavity mode in a coherent state, one of the sidebands in the atomic emission spectrum can be reduced whilst the other can be enhanced due to the virtual photon transitions. The effect can be significant, and may be detected using a highly excited Rydberg atom in a microwave cavity with a high quality factor.
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