Abstract
This paper demonstrates the variation in the images depicted by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) with the number and arrangement of apex atoms and in the spectra obtained by scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) with the apex composition and profile of a scanning tip. Thus the clarification of the state of the tip apex is the fundamental requirement for the acquisition of reliable and reproducible STM and STS data. A promising approach which enables us to examine the tip apexes in atomic dimension would be the study of the tip apex with a combined instrument of the atom probe and the field emission electron energy spectrometer.
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