Abstract
To support the emerging vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication for autonomous vehicles and smart transportation services, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has recently introduced cellular V2X (C-V2X) standards. In C-V2X, radio resources can be managed not only centrally by the cellular network base station, but also in a completely distributed manner ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Mode 4</i> ) without any cellular support. However, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Mode 4</i> may suffer significant collisions and interference in a dense environment since each vehicle selects its own resources to transmit V2X messages autonomously without adapting appropriately to vehicle density. To address this challenge, we propose <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ATOMIC</i> , an <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Adaptive Transmission pOwer and Message Interval Control scheme for C-V2X Mode 4</i> , in which each vehicle utilizes real-time channel sensing and neighbor information to reduce channel contention for improved reliability and latency. Through analysis and extensive simulations, we show that <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ATOMIC</i> outperforms the standard <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Mode 4</i> in both urban and highway scenarios especially in highly dense environments.
Highlights
Wireless communication technology will play a key role in the emerging vehicular networks as the demand for cooperative and autonomous driving increases
We demonstrate through extensive simulations that ATOMIC outperforms the standard cellular V2X (C-V2X) Mode 4 in both highway and urban scenarios built on actual road maps
MESSAGE INTERVAL CONTROL ALGORITHM In baseline C-V2X Mode 4, all vehicles persistently broadcast cooperative awareness message (CAM) every 100 ms, which will lead to poor performance in a high-density scenario
Summary
Wireless communication technology will play a key role in the emerging vehicular networks as the demand for cooperative and autonomous driving increases. Mode 4 may suffer from significant collisions and interference in a dense environment since each vehicle selects its own resources to transmit V2X messages without adapting appropriately to vehicle density We design a message interval control algorithm by analyzing the collision probability according to CAM transmission rate, and design a transmission power adaptation algorithm by analyzing the optimal transmission power which has the highest expected packet reception ratio (PRR) given the awareness of the surrounding neighborhood These two are combined so that each UE can adaptively find an appropriate set of parameters for reliable CAM delivery depending on the channel state and density of the network.
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