Abstract
The local scale analysis focuses on distances up to 20 km from the emission source. Gaussian plume models are commonly used for the estimation of local scale atmospheric dispersion of primary pollutants as they combine relatively accurate results and low computing time. The effects of secondary pollutants, within this distance, were found to be rather insignificant. Sulphate aerosols generally have low formation rates, so the error from ignoring their impacts on local scale was considered to be small. Nitrate aerosols were considered a potentially greater problem due to the high NOx emission levels from vehicles in comparison to other sources. However, an analysis for the investigation of nitrate impacts revealed that damages arising within the local scale area are less than 10% of the total, even in large urban areas (Lee and Watkiss, 1998). On the basis of these results, it was decided that the secondary particulate formation would not be quantified within the local scale area. However this issue should be addressed in more detail in subsequent work.
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