Atmospheric Response to Oceanic Cold Eddies West of Luzon in the Northern South China Sea

Haoya Liu,Shumin Chen,Yushi Wu,Rong Fang,Zhuo Li,Weibiao Li

doi:10.3390/atmos10050255

Abstract

Using the compositing method, two kinds of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with mesoscale ocean eddies and their effects on the atmosphere over the northern South China Sea were investigated. We focused on Luzon cold eddies (LCEs), which form during the winter monsoon and occur repeatedly to the west of Luzon Island, where a SST front exists. Using satellite and reanalysis data, 20 LCEs from 2000–2016 were classified into two types according to their impact on the atmosphere. One type consisted of cold SST anomalies within the eddy interior; subsequent turbulent heat flux and surface wind speed decreased over the cold core, presenting a monopole pattern. The second type comprised SST anomalies on either side of the eddy, which mostly propagated along the SST front. For this type of LCEs, cyclonic eddy currents acting on the SST front led to the SST anomalies. They produced a dipole, with surface wind deceleration and acceleration over negative and positive SST anomalies, respectively, on either side of the eddy’s flank. Dynamically, for both types of LCE, a vertical mixing mechanism appeared to be responsible for the wind anomalies. Moreover, anomalous vertical circulations developed over the LCEs that extended over the whole boundary layer and penetrated into the free atmosphere, leading to an anomalous convective rain rate. Quantitatively, the surface wind speed changed linearly with SST; atmospheric anomalies related to LCEs explained 5%–14% of the total daily variance.

Highlights

Following recent advances in high-resolution satellite-based observation of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface wind speed, increased attention has been paid to mesoscale ocean eddies and their significant atmospheric impacts [1,2,3,4,5]
Ocean, where eddy-related SST anomaly is about 0.5 ◦ C, and the consequent change in the surface wind speed can be up to 0.31 m s−1, which explains about 13% of the atmospheric variability [3,5]
The mean lifetime of an Luzon cold eddies (LCEs) is more than one month, which is longer than transient synoptic systems such as tropical storms and easterly waves

Summary

Introduction

Following recent advances in high-resolution (about 25 km) satellite-based observation of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface wind speed, increased attention has been paid to mesoscale (radii: 50–200 km) ocean eddies and their significant atmospheric impacts [1,2,3,4,5]. Atmospheric responses to mesoscale eddies in different regions have some features in common. Ocean, where eddy-related SST anomaly is about 0.5 ◦ C, and the consequent change in the surface wind speed can be up to 0.31 m s−1 , which explains about 13% of the atmospheric variability [3,5]. As pointed out by Spall et al [10] and Small et al [11], eddies’ effects on the atmosphere in different regions show unique features. Chelton [12] suggested that eddies’

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Conclusion