Atmospheric oxidation of indene initiated by OH radical in the presence of O2 and NO: A mechanistic and kinetic study

Abstract

The atmospheric degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can generate organic pollutants that contribute to the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) and exacerbate their carcinogenicity. Indene is an example of styrene-like bicyclic hydrocarbons that are not fully aromatic. The OH-initiated atmospheric oxidation of indene in the presence of O2 and NO was investigated using quantum chemical methods at M06–2X/6–311++G(3df,2p)//M06–2X/6-311+G(d,p) level. The oxidation products are oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) containing hydroxyindene, indenone, dialdehydes and 2-(formylmethyl)benzaldehyde. Calculation results showed that 7-indene radical, which is the precursor of various PAHs, has a high production ratio that is 35.29% in the initial reaction, indicating that the OH-initiated oxidation increase the environmental risks of indene in the atmosphere. The rate constants for the crucial elementary reactions were calculated based on Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory. The overall rate constant of the initial reaction is calculated to be 1.04 × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 and the atmospheric lifetime of indene is determined as 2.74 h. This work provides a comprehensive understanding on the oxidation mechanisms of indene and the findings could help to clarify the fate of indene in the atmosphere.