Abstract

Abstract. We present a review of atmospheric muon flux and energy spectrum measurements over almost six decades of muon momentum. Sea level and underground/water/ice experiments are considered. Possible sources of systematic errors in the measurements are examined. The characteristics of underground/water muons (muons in bundle, lateral distribution, energy spectrum) are discussed. The connection between the atmospheric muon and neutrino measurements are also reported.

Highlights

  • Methods and DataDiscuss.: 20 August 2012 Revised: 17 October 2012 – Accepted: 2 November 2012 – Published: 21 November 2012

  • Primary cosmic rays (CRs) are particles accelerated at astrophysical sources continuously bombarding the Earth

  • We present a review of atmospheric muon flux and energy spectrum measurements over almost six decades of muon momentum

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Summary

Methods and Data

Discuss.: 20 August 2012 Revised: 17 October 2012 – Accepted: 2 November 2012 – Published: 21 November 2012

Introduction
Experimental setups
Underground muons
Muon energy losses
Findings
Conclusions
Full Text
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