Abstract
Continuous Plinian eruptions of volcanoes often excite atmospheric resonant oscillations with several distinct periods of a few minutes. We detected such harmonic oscillations by the 2021 August eruption of the Fukutoku-Okanoba volcano, a submarine volcano in the Izu–Bonin arc, in ionospheric total electron content (TEC) observed from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations deployed on three nearby islands, Chichijima, Hahajima, and Iwojima. Continuous records with the geostationary satellite of Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) presented four frequency peaks of such atmospheric modes. The harmonic TEC oscillations commenced at ~ 5:16 UT with a large amplitude but decayed in a few hours.Graphical
Highlights
Introduction With arrays of continuous GlobalNavigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations, we can continuously monitor the Earth’s ionosphere in terms of total electron content (TEC), an integrated number of electrons along line-ofsights connecting satellites and receivers
QuasiZenith Satellite System (QZSS), the Japanese satellite system for positioning, is composed of three satellites with quasi-zenith orbits (J01, J02, J03) and one geostationary orbit satellite (J07). These satellites stay longer within the view of a station (~ 8 and 24 h a day for J01-03 and J07, respectively). This offers a rare opportunity to observe the TEC oscillation caused by a Plinian volcanic eruption lasting for hours without disruptions of data
Frequency spectra of the TEC oscillations The amplitudes of the TEC oscillation (Fig. 3) vary in time, possibly by the interference of oscillations in multiple frequency peaks
Summary
Introduction With arrays of continuous Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations, we can continuously monitor the Earth’s ionosphere in terms of total electron content (TEC), an integrated number of electrons along line-ofsights connecting satellites and receivers. These satellites stay longer within the view of a station (~ 8 and 24 h a day for J01-03 and J07, respectively) This offers a rare opportunity to observe the TEC oscillation caused by a Plinian volcanic eruption lasting for hours without disruptions of data. There, we can recognize peaks align along lines with a slope corresponding to the assumed acoustic wave speed (0.8 km/s)
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