Abstract
Abstract The paper presents the spatial and temporal variations in the occurrence of fronts and days with no fronts over Poland in 2006-2015. The research was based on a database of the atmospheric fronts that moved over five selected stations located in the outermost regions of Poland and in the centre of the country. The database was created as a result of an analysis of synoptic charts from the website of the German weather service (Deutscher Wetterdienst; DWD). As is shown by the results, atmospheric fronts moved over Poland on approximately 65% of days of the year. However, their frequency in the individual regions was almost half of this, ranging from 33-39%. The annual variations in the number of fronts depended largely on the location of a given area and the atmospheric circulation prevailing there. In most years the maximum frequency of occurrence of atmospheric fronts was observed in November-January, and the lowest frequency was seen in February and September. The research confirms that there is a clear predominance of cold fronts, with warm and occluded fronts forming at around half the frequency of cold fronts. One characteristic feature is a decrease in the number of occluded fronts and days with different types of fronts moving from the north of Poland southwards. In the period under study, more than 80% of the sequences of days with atmospheric fronts included up to 6 days, even though there were also cases when fronts passed over Poland on 20 consecutive days.
Highlights
Among the factors which determine Poland’s climate, an important role is played by atmospheric circulation, notably by the frequency and high variability of the inflow of different air masses
The changes often take the form of sever and even extreme climatic events which have an adverse effect on human health and life, as well as on the human economy (KATZ & BROWN, 1992; KOZŁOWSKASZCZĘSNA ET AL., 1997; HUTH ET AL., 2000; CORNFORD, 2002; LLASAT-BOTIJA ET AL., 2007; BŁAŻEJCZYK & KUNERT, 2011)
The changes are related to changes in atmospheric circulation, in particular shifts in the location of pressure systems (BHEND, 2005; PEZZA ET AL., 2007), changes in the occurrence of high-pressure systems
Summary
Among the factors which determine Poland’s climate, an important role is played by atmospheric circulation, notably by the frequency and high variability of the inflow of different air masses. They are responsible for the transient character of the climate in the study area, and the high changeability of the weather types, even over short time periods. For this reason their This paper investigates both the frequency of the occurrence has a beneficial effect on individual types of atmospheric front or spells industrial and urban areas. The identified sequences of days with or without fronts were assigned to the month when they started
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