Atmospheric fate of OH initiated oxidation of terpenes. Reaction mechanism of α-pinene degradation and secondary organic aerosol formation

Abstract

This paper studies the reaction products of α-pinene, β-pinene, sabinene, 3-carene and limonene with OH radicals and of α-pinene with ozone using FT-IR spectroscopy for measuring gas phase products and HPLC-MS-MS to measure products in the aerosol phase. These techniques were used to investigate the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the terpenes. The gas phase reaction products were all quantified using reference compounds. At low terpene concentrations (0.9–2.1 ppm), the molar yields of gas phase reaction products were: HCHO 16–92%, HCOOH 10–54% (OH source: H 2O 2, 6–25 ppm); HCHO 127–148%, HCOOH 4–6% (OH source: CH 3ONO, 5–8 ppm). At high terpene concentrations (4.1–13.2 ppm) the results were: HCHO 9–27%, HCOOH 15–23%, CH 3(CO)CH 3 0–14%, CH 3COOH 0–5%, nopinone 24% (only from β-pinene oxidation), limona ketone 61% (only from limonene oxidation), pinonaldehyde was identified during α-pinene degradation (OH source H 2O 2, 23–30 ppm); HCHO 76–183%, HCOOH 12–15%, CH 3(CO)CH 3 0–12%, nopinone 17% (from β-pinene oxidation), limona ketone 48% (from limonene oxidation), pinonaldehyde was identified during α-pinene degradation (OH source CH 3ONO, 14–16 ppm). Pinic acid, pinonic acid, limonic acid, limoninic acid, 3-caric acid, 3-caronic acid and sabinic acid were identified in the aerosol phase. On the basis of these results, we propose a formation mechanism for pinonic and pinic acid in the aerosol phase explaining how degradation products could influence SOA formation and growth in the troposphere.