Abstract
Air pollution was getting worse and worse with the development of economic, and atmospheric deposition was an important mechanic for the removal of air pollutants. During 2017, the average dry deposition fluxes of total-PCDD/Fs-WHO2005-TEQ in various areas in Taiwan range between 57 (Lienchiang County in autumn) and 589 pg WHO2005-TEQ m–2 month–1 (Keelung City in winter), with an average of 221 pg WHO2005-TEQ m–2 month–1. The average total deposition fluxes of total-PCDD/Fs-WHO2005-TEQ in various areas in Taiwan range between 65 (Lienchiang County in autumn) and 681 pg WHO2005-TEQ m–2 month–1 (Keelung City in winter), with an average of 263 pg WHO2005-TEQ m–2 month–1. The fractions of dry deposition fluxes contribute to the total deposition fluxes range between 37.8% (Yilan County in winter) and 99.9% (Kaohsiung City in winter), with an average of 82.1%.
Highlights
Air pollution has been considered a danger to human health for centuries (e.g., Dockery et al, 1993; McDonnell et al, 2000; Pope and Dockery, 2006; Pope et al, 2009)
Among particles of different sizes, the diameters of particulate matter (PM) range from a few micrometres (PM2.5 ranging from ~0 to 2.5 μm, PM10 ranging from ~0 to 10 μm) to around 100 micrometres (TSP ranging from ~0 to 100 μm) (Chow et al, 2015; Lu et al, 2016)
Based on previous studies (Lee et al, 2018), the objective of this study was to characteristic the meteorological conditions in Taiwan, including the ambient temperature and rainfall, to estimate the seasonal variations in the monthly dry deposition fluxes in Taiwan; to measure the seasonal variations in the monthly total deposition fluxes in Taiwan, and to compare the fraction of dry and wet deposition fluxes contributing to the total deposition fluxes
Summary
Air pollution has been considered a danger to human health (morbidity, lung cancer, cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary diseases, etc.) for centuries (e.g., Dockery et al, 1993; McDonnell et al, 2000; Pope and Dockery, 2006; Pope et al, 2009). Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are typical POPs that are not formed as a result of industrial activities, but almost invariably as unwanted byproducts in all thermal systems and are distributed ubiquitously (U.S EPA, 2003). They are generally formed unintentionally during a variety of anthropogenic combustion activities and industrial processes such as the manufacture and use of organochlorine chemicals (Hashimoto et al, 1990; Lin et al, 2014; Cheruiyot et al, 2015, 2016). Once emitted to the receiving environment, atmospheric transport moves them away from their emission sources to where they pollute water and the soil and eventually enter to the food chain (Lohmann and Jones, 1998; Hu et al, 2009)
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