Atmospheric deposition of phosphorus to the Northern Indian Ocean

Abstract

Air-sea deposition of phosphorus is an important external source of this macronutrient for ocean primary productivity. Although global budgets have shown that atmospheric input of phosphorus is comparable to its riverine supply, studies on regional scale are rather limited. The present article summarizes sources and atmospheric pathway of phosphorus to the ocean surface as a case study of the Northern Indian Ocean. Water-soluble aerosol phosphorus (P Inorg ) concentrations are significantly high over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) compared to those over the Arabian Sea (ARS). Relative increase in the supply of aerosol-P over BoB is attributed to acid-processing of mineral dust during long-range atmospheric transport in addition to its supply from anthropogenic sources. Our estimate of P-deposition to the Northern Indian Ocean (~1.2 Gmol-P year -1 ) is comparable to its atmospheric deposition in other oceanic regions such as the North Atlantic and is also consistent with the model-based projections for the Northern Indian Ocean. These results highlight the importance of atmospheric source in influencing the biogeochemical cycle of phosphorus in the Northern Indian Ocean.