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Abstract
The atmospheric aerosol monitoring system of the Pierre Auger Observatory has been operating smoothly since 2004. Two laser facilities (Central Laser Facility, CLF and eXtreme Laser Facility, XLF) fire sets of 50 shots four times per hour during FD shifts to measure the highly variable hourly aerosol attenuation to correct the longitudinal UV light profiles of the Extensive Air Showers detected by the Fluorescence Detector. Hourly aerosol attenuation loads (Vertical Aerosol Optical Depth) are used to correct the measured profiles. Two techniques are used to determine the aerosol profiles, which have been proven to be fully compatible. The uncertainty in the VAOD profiles measured consequently leads to an uncertainty on the energy and on the estimation of the depth at the maximum development of a shower (Xmax) of the event in analysis. To prove the validity of the aerosol attenuation measurements used in FD event analysis, the flatness of the ratio of reconstructed SD to FD energy as a function of the aerosol transmission to the depth of shower maximum has been verified.
Highlights
The Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) primary particles entering the atmosphere produce cascades of secondary particles, the Extensive Air Showers (EAS)
Two laser facilities (Central Laser Facility, CLF and eXtreme Laser Facility, XLF) fire sets of 50 shots four times per hour during FD shifts to measure the highly variable hourly aerosol attenuation to correct the longitudinal UV light profiles of the Extensive Air Showers detected by the Fluorescence Detector
During the development of air showers, charged particles interact with nitrogen molecules, whose subsequent deexcitation determines the isotropic emission of fluorescence light (300 - 420 nm range), that provides information about the primary particle and can be detected at ground level with appropriate telescopes
Summary
The Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) primary particles entering the atmosphere produce cascades of secondary particles, the Extensive Air Showers (EAS). During the development of air showers, charged particles interact with nitrogen molecules, whose subsequent deexcitation determines the isotropic emission of fluorescence light (300 - 420 nm range), that provides information about the primary particle and can be detected at ground level with appropriate telescopes. The Pierre Auger Observatory [1] is the largest hybrid detector for the study of UHECR: located in Argentina, it has operated since 2004 with 1660 water Cherenkov detectors (Surface Detector, SD) distributed over an area of 3000 km to measure the distribution of air shower particles at ground, plus 27 fluorescence telescopes (Fluorescence Detector, FD) overlooking the SD area, to measure the longitudinal development of air showers in the atmosphere, looking at the faint, isotropically emitted fluorescence light they produce. To gain all the potential of the Observatory, very high quality hybrid events are used to calibrate the SD energy to the FD: the importance is
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