Atık Suda Yasadışı Madde Tayini İçin İki Farklı Çekitleme Düzeneğinin Karşılaştırılması

Abstract

Objective: Wastewater-based epidemiology is becoming a widespread technique with the ability to fill the gaps of conventional methods such as general population surveys, drug related deaths, seizure data. Studies on analytical techniques to identify consumption rates are more of a focus of interest than extraction methods even though sample extraction techniques have a noteworthy contribution to analysis results as well. The aim of this study was to compare two vacuum pressure manifold (negative and positive) systems in off-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) method in terms of extraction efficiency in wastewater for morphine (MOR), 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM), amphetamine (AMP), methamphetamine (METH), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), benzoylecgonine (BE), cocaine (COC), 11-nor-Δ9-THC carboxylic acid (THC-COOH). Material and Methods: In this study, two different extraction set-ups were used to determine illicit drugs from wastewater and analysis were carried out by using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Results: Correlation coefficients for all substances were found as r>0.999, LOD values were between 0.01-0.2 ng mL-1. Linear ranges of 6-MAM, METH, BE and COC were found between 0.2-100 ng mL-1, where the others' lowest calibration points were varying from 0.5 to 2 ng mL-1. Optimized SPE procedure was applied to both negative pressure manifold (NPM-SPE) and positive pressure manifold (PPM-SPE) by spiking tap water and wastewater samples separately. Conclusion: Efficiency differences were tested in terms of recovery, sample loading, time consumption, pressure control ability, and contamination sources. Overall recovery results revealed that there was no significant difference between PPM and NPM-SPE processes for both tap water and wastewater. Although set-ups have different superiorities to one another, it has been determined that the selection of the system should be made according to the type of targeted analytes and matrices.