Abstract
Objective: Performing a screening of Amazonian species as antimicrobial action of oral biofilm micro-organisms in vitro. Methods: Determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for solid medium diffusion and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Adherence (MICA). The strains tested were S. sobrinus (ATCC 27609), S. mutans (ATCC 25175), S. mitis (ATCC 9811); S. sanguis (ATCC10556), L. casei (ATCC 7469). Results: Juca, Crajiru, Alfavaca and Copaiba presented MIC with halos of inhibition for all strains tested, with values of 62.5, 500, 1000 and 1000 mg/mL, respectively. In MICA, extracts of Juca, Jambu and Crajiru inhibited the adherence in all strains tested. Conclusions: Extracts of Juca, Crajiru, Alfavaca and Copaiba essential oil had antimicrobial activity against the strains tested and extracts of Juca, Crajiru, Alfavaca, Jambu and Copaiba and Andiroba oils inhibited microbial adherence.
Highlights
The two worst health issues in Dentistry are cavities and periodontal disease, both with the same primary etiological factor – the accumulation of dental biofilm [1]
The antimicrobial activity of the Amazon plants was assessed by diffusion in a solid medium through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), according to methodology proposed by Bauer et al [9] as amended and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Adherence (MICA) using the tilt tube method, according Gebara et al [10], with different concentrations of the diluted extract solution ranging from 1:1 to 1:512
The Libidibia ferrea (Juca) showed inhibition halos from 21 to 24 mm at a concentration of 500 mg/mL and halos from 14 to 15 mm at a concentration of 62.5 mg/mL (1:8) for the tested microorganisms (Table 2). Their best results were achieved against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus), and Lactobacillus casei (L. casei), with 15 mm halos at 1:8 dilution
Summary
The two worst health issues in Dentistry are cavities and periodontal disease, both with the same primary etiological factor – the accumulation of dental biofilm [1]. Among the measures used to control the dental biofilm, brushing and the use of antimicrobial agents are the most common [2]. There are some used as anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents, including: Andiroba (Carapa guianense), Alfavaca (Ocimum micranthum), Copaiba (Copaifera multijuga), Crajiru (Arrabidaea chica), Jambu (Spilanthes acmella) and Juca (Libidibia ferrea) [7]. The ethnobotanical variety and the antimicrobial potential of the medicinal plants used in popular medicine in the Amazon region justifies the study of those plants and how they work against the bacteria present in the mouth to find scientific proof of the effect of those plants or substances derived therefrom as antimicrobial agents in Dentistry [8]
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