Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic effect of the root and stem of Uncaria guianensis on eggs and larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes from naturally infected sheep. The extract of the root of Uncaria guianensis was tested at concentrations of 0.57mg / mL and 1.14mg / mL and the extract of the stem of Uncaria guianensis at concentrations of 1.25mg / mL and 2.5mg / mL. The animals were divided in groups of five animals each, where four groups received the plant extract and a dose / concentration, one group received the anti-helminthic closantel and another group received only distilled water, totaling six treated groups. Ten mL were applied orally on days treatment, in a single dose for the groups treated with the extract, the closantel group received the dose recommended by the manufacturer and the negative group received 10 mL of distilled water. Stool samples were collected weekly for parasitological analysis and blood for hematocrit. The results of the OPG were analyzed after log transformation (x + 1) and submitted to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test at 5% of probability. Third stage L3 larvae were recovered from co-culture and subjected to the 5% tukey test. The results showed a reduction in the number of eggs per gram of feces, in the group treated with Uncaria guianensis root at a concentration of 1.14mg / mL and in the chemically treated group, where they obtained a statistically significant reduction (p <5%), when compared to the other treated groups, presenting 69% and 66% respectively in the reduction percentage. Regarding the number of third-stage larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes recovered from sheep, after treatment they observed that the groups treated with closantel, Uncaria guianensis root at a concentration of 1.14mg / mL and a stem of Uncaria guianensis at a concentration of 1.25mg / mL were statistically different (p <5%) from the other treatments, with 68%, 68% and 86% respectively reduction in the number of larvae. As for the hematocrit, the results remained within the reference standards for the Amazon Biome. Thus, we conclude that Uncaria guianensis has ovicidal and larvicidal activity on gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep.

Highlights

  • Sheep and goat farming in Brazil represents one of the main sources of income for small and medium-sized rural producers, because they have a low labor cost and quick profitability

  • The number of third instar larvae (L3) of ovine gastrointestinal nematodes, obtained from coprocultures treated with the ethanolic extract of the root and the stem of cat’s claw (Uncaria guianensis), showed a reduction of larvae (p

  • There was no difference with the valuescompared to the chemically treated group, which shows that the plant extracts were as efficient as closantel, one of the commonly used active principles

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Summary

Introduction

Sheep and goat farming in Brazil represents one of the main sources of income for small and medium-sized rural producers, because they have a low labor cost and quick profitability. The conventional use of anthelmintics for control of endoparasitoses represents the main form of treatment; lack of knowledge about the epidemiology of parasitoses, inadequate use of these drugs (sub dosages) and management problems have led to the emergence of resistant strains (SINGH et al, 2014), as well as contamination of the environment and increase in the cost of production (ZARO et al, 2014). New alternatives for control of endoparasitoses, such as use of medicinal plants with anthelmintic activity, have been used in the last years in an attempt to seek a more effective parasitic control. They have low cost and non-polluting (ANDRADE et al, 2014). Several bioactive substances have been reported with anthelmintic properties such as condensed tannins (OLIVEIRA et al, 2011), flavonoids (FERNEX et al, 2012), saponins (EGRALE et al, 2007), steroids (CALA et al, 2012) and triterpenoids (MONTEIRO et al, 2011)

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