Athermal and thermal mechanisms of sintering at high heating rates in the presence and absence of an externally applied field

Abstract

Abstract In order to establish the relative contributions of thermal and athermal mechanisms to densification in the absence of an extrinsic sintering pressure, nanometric powder compacts were sintered with and without applied fields using varied heating rates from 50 °C/min up to 800 °C/min. The relative contribution of the thermal and athermal mechanistic contributions to the densification behavior of two model dielectric ceramics, hydroxyapatite and zinc oxide, is evaluated in the context of the current leading theories of field-assisted sintering mechanisms. The effects of elevated heating rates in nanometric, dielectric ceramics are found to be minimal in the absence of a field. However, in the presence of an applied field there appears to be a synergistic effect with heating rate.