Abstract
The Aedes aegypti is the main vector of the transmission of diseases such as dengue, yellow fever, Chikungunya, and Zika. The agents used for the control of mosquito involve the use of synthetic compounds, which may cause toxicity and contamination environmental. Aiming to test the effectiveness of natural products, the aim of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal and repellent activity of extracts of Ateleia glazioveana Baill. (timbó) and essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L. (manjericão), against A. aegypti. The activities of hydroalcoholic (HEA) and dichloromethane (DEA) extracts from A. glazioveana against A. aegypti larvae were assessed after exposure for 24, 48, and 72 h, using water and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis as negative and positive controls, respectively. For repellent evaluation, we investigated the sting attempts of A. aegypti in response to the application of HEA- and DEA-based body creams (5%), as well as an alcoholic spray based on the essential oil from O. basilicum. The repellency of these preparations was compared with negative (vehicle) and positive (DEET) controls. Although HEA showed no apparent larvicidal activity, DEA at concentrations of 150 to 500 mg/ml showed high larvicidal potential after 24 h, compared to the negative control group (p < 0.001). Moreover, the DEA-based cream and the alcoholic spray of O. basilicum based essential oil showed higher repellency compared with the vehicle (84.5% and 70.5%, respectively). Accordingly, it is possible to infer that extracts and preparations of A. glazioveana and O. basilicum exhibit larvicidal and repellent activity against A. aegypti.
Highlights
As a consequence of environmental modification attributable to detrimental anthropic activities, mainly driven by economic factors, in parallel with climate change, many vector insects such as mosquitoes have become synanthropic, preferentially mediating the transmission of pathogens to humans (Lima-Camara, 2016)
We investigated the sting attempts of A. aegypti in response to the application of HEA- and DEA-based body creams (5%), as well as an alcoholic spray based on the essential oil from O. basilicum
Considering the widespread usage of these plants and the findings insecticide of previous studies, this study aim to evaluate the larvicidal activity of the extracts of A. glazioveana as well as the repellent activity of body creams prepared from these plant extracts
Summary
As a consequence of environmental modification attributable to detrimental anthropic activities, mainly driven by economic factors, in parallel with climate change, many vector insects such as mosquitoes have become synanthropic, preferentially mediating the transmission of pathogens to humans (Lima-Camara, 2016). Diverse urban practices and vehicular activity have become increasingly prominent factors contributing to the spread for example, of mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae) (Xavier et al, 2013). The females of this species are the principal vectors of diseases as dengue, yellow fever, and Chikungunya, transmitting these viruses via hematophagy. The continued use of synthetic insecticides is relation causes environmental damage and contributes to the emergence of resistant mosquitoes populations (Rosa, 2016; Guarda et al, 2016). Medicinal plants have been a valuable source of successful therapeutic agents, the production of chemically diversified secondary metabolites are optimized to exert biological functions (Atanasov et al, 2015)
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