Abstract
The pipeline has historically been the preferred means to transport CO2 due to its low cost for short distances and opportunities for economies of scale. However, interest in vessel-based transport of CO2 is growing. While most of the literature has assumed that CO2 shipping would take place at low pressure (at 7 barg and −46 °C), the issue of identifying best transport conditions, in terms of pressure, temperature, and gas composition, is becoming more relevant as ship-based carbon capture and storage chains move towards implementation. This study focuses on an in-depth comparison of the two primary and relevant transport pressures, 7 and 15 barg, for annual volumes up to 20 MtCO2/year and transport distances up to 2000 km. We also address the impact of a number of key factors on optimal transport conditions, including (a) transport between harbours versus transport to an offshore site, (b) CO2 pressure prior to conditioning, (c) the presence of impurities and of purity constraints, and (d) maximum feasible ship capacities for the 7 and 15 barg options. Overall, we have found that 7 barg shipping is the most cost-efficient option for the combinations of distance and annual volume where transport by ship is the cost-optimal means of transport. Furthermore, 7 barg shipping can enable significant cost reductions (beyond 30%) compared to 15 barg shipping for a wide range of annual volume capacities.
Highlights
IntroductionEnabling low-carbon technologies is critical to achieving the ambitions of the Paris
Since the comparison of 7 and 15 barg shipping is performed for a combination of wide ranges of transport distances and annual volumes for both the base cases and the scenarios considered in this study, the results are presented as a series of cost comparison maps
We carried out an in-depth comparison of the 7 and 15 barg transport pressure options for a wide range of annual volumes and transport distances, including sensitivity analyses on four key parameters/uncertainties
Summary
Enabling low-carbon technologies is critical to achieving the ambitions of the Paris. One of the key technologies needed to decarbonise the power and industrial sectors is carbon capture and storage (CCS) [1]. Many extensive research [2,3,4,5], development [6,7], and demonstration [8,9] efforts have been taking place to bring CCS towards implementation. 28 large-scale CCS facilities have entered into operation, with many others currently at different stages of development [10]. Further technological development, upscaling, and the acceleration of large-scale implementations will be required in order to meet planned targets
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
