Asynchrony Drives Plant and Animal Community Stability in Mediterranean Coastal Dunes

Tania L.F Bird,Elli Groner,Amos Bouskila,Pua Bar (Kutiel)

doi:10.3390/app11136214

Tania L.F Bird, Elli Groner + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/app11136214

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Abstract

Substantial evidence now suggests that a positive diversity–stability relationship exists. Yet few studies examine the facets of biodiversity that contribute to this relationship, and empirical research is predominantly conducted on grassland communities under controlled conditions. We investigate the roles of species richness, environmental condition (vegetation cover), asynchrony, and weighted population stability in driving community stability across multiple taxa. We used data from a Long-term Ecological Research project to investigate temporal stability of annual plants, beetles, reptiles, and rodents in Nizzanim Coastal Sand Dune Nature Reserve in Israel. All four taxa had a strong positive relationship between asynchrony and community stability. Only rodents showed a positive richness–stability relationship. Perennial plant cover had a significant relationship with community stability for three taxa, but the direction of the correlation varied. Asynchrony had a stronger relationship with perennial plant cover than it did with richness for both plants and beetles. We suggest that community stability is driven by asynchrony for flora as well as fauna. Stability appears to be determined by species’ interactions and their responses to the environment, and not always by diversity. This has important consequences for understanding the effects of environmental degradation on ecosystem stability and productivity, which have destabilizing consequences beyond biodiversity loss.

Highlights

Substantial evidence has demonstrated that diversity stabilizes ecosystem functioning over time [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
We empirically investigate the roles of species richness and environmental condition, and compare asynchrony and weighted population stability in driving the community stability across multiple taxonomic groups
Species richness was highest for annual plant species (n = 63), of which 41 species were included in the analysis after the exclusion of rare species

Summary

Introduction

Substantial evidence has demonstrated that diversity stabilizes ecosystem functioning over time [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. Diversity–stability relationship (DSR) theories suggest that species richness can contribute to community stability through various mechanisms, such as statistical averaging [12], overyielding [4], species asynchrony and other species interactions [3,4,13,14,15,16,17,18]. Species-rich communities may be more susceptible to disruption of key interactions and could, be less stable at the population level [7,19,20]. Asynchrony has played a key part in theoretical studies to predict DSR in modelled communities [4,18,21,22,23,24]. The dominance of a species is likely to affect its contribution to overall stability [26,28,29]

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