Asymptotic reductions and solitons of nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equations

Abstract

Asymptotic reductions of a defocusing nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger model in (3 + 1)-dimensions, in both Cartesian and cylindrical geometry, are presented. First, at an intermediate stage, a Boussinesq equation is derived, and then its far-field, in the form of a variety of Kadomtsev–Petviashvilli (KP) equations for right- and left-going waves, is found. KP models include versions of the KP-I and KP-II equations, in Cartesian and cylindrical geometry. Solitary waves solutions, planar or ring-shaped, and of dark or anti-dark type, are also predicted to occur. Their nature and stability is determined by a parameter defined by the physical parameters of the original nonlocal system. It is thus found that (dark) anti-dark solitary waves are only supported by a weak (strong) nonlocality, and are unstable (stable) in higher-dimensions. Our analytical predictions are corroborated by direct numerical simulations.