Abstract
We present a method for finding, in principle, all asymptotic gravitational charges. The basic idea is that one must consider all possible contributions to the action that do not affect the equations of motion for the theory of interest; such terms include topological terms. As a result we observe that the first order formalism is best suited to an analysis of asymptotic charges. In particular, this method can be used to provide a Hamiltonian derivation of recently found dual charges.
Highlights
Symmetries are at the heart of our present understanding of fundamental physics
What is perhaps surprising, is that at null infinity, as was discovered by Bondi, van der Burg, Metzner, and Sachs (BMS) [2,3], there are an infinite number of these asymptotic symmetries, BMS symmetries, that lead to an infinite number of physically meaningful charges, BMS charges
Since BMS charges are defined at null infinity, they are not exactly conserved like the ADM mass but satisfy a continuity equation
Summary
Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut), Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. The origin of these charges has been hitherto not clear We argue that these asymptotic charges, in addition to the BMS charges, arise from different terms in the action that do not contribute to the equations of motion. We must consider all possible actions that give rise to the same equations of motion In applying this idea, in addition to finding the well-known BMS charges [9,10], we give a Hamiltonian derivation of the recently found dual charges [7,8], and by corollary a Hamiltonian derivation of Newman-Penrose charges [11], and show how other charges can be found from other topological contributions to the action—the physical significance of these will be explored in other work. In this Letter, we advocate an analogous approach in gravity
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