Asymptotic behavior of solutions for a Lotka–Volterra mutualism reaction–diffusion system with time delays

Abstract

This paper is to investigate the asymptotic behavior of solutions for a time-delayed Lotka–Volterra N -species mutualism reaction–diffusion system with homogeneous Neumann boundary condition. It is shown, under a simple condition on the reaction rates, that the system has a unique bounded time-dependent solution and a unique constant positive steady-state solution, and for any nontrivial nonnegative initial function the corresponding time-dependent solution converges to the constant positive steady-state solution as time tends to infinity. This convergence result implies that the trivial steady-state solution and all forms of semitrivial steady-state solutions are unstable, and moreover, the system has no nonconstant positive steady-state solution. A condition ensuring the convergence of the time-dependent solution to one of nonnegative semitrivial steady-state solutions is also given.