Abstract
An analytical formula representing the photoelectron kinetic energy at which the ejection direction of photoelectrons generated by an intense circularly-polarized few-cycle laser pulse flips was derived and was used for determining the laser pulse duration.
Highlights
The waveform of an ultrashort laser pulse with a few optical cycles, called a few-cycle laser pulse, is characterized by its carrier-envelope phase (CEP)
It is not an easy task to estimate the absolute CEP at the spatial point where atoms and molecules interact with the laser field because the CEP recorded by the tagging method is in most cases a relative value having a constant offset from the absolute CEP
In our recent study [3], we showed that the absolute CEP can be determined in a straightforward manner as long as we photoionize Ar atoms by a near-infrared circularlypolarized few-cycle laser pulses (1×1014~5×1014 W/cm2) and record the energy-resolved photoelectron angular distribution by taking advantage of the fact that the emitting angle of the photoelectrons ejected from Ar takes a constant value in the high kinetic energy range above 30 eV [3]
Summary
The waveform of an ultrashort laser pulse with a few optical cycles, called a few-cycle laser pulse, is characterized by its carrier-envelope phase (CEP). An analytical formula representing the photoelectron kinetic energy at which the ejection direction of photoelectrons generated by an intense circularly-polarized few-cycle laser pulse flips was derived and was used for determining the laser pulse duration.
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