Asymmetries in Postural Stability and Balance Parameters during Specific Elements in Sub-Elite Rhythmic Gymnasts

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the level of lower-limb functional asymmetries in sub-elite rhythmic gymnasts while performing sport-specific elements, including passe and side passe balance stance. Methods: The analysis focuses on postural stability and balance parameters, measured using Gyko, a 3-axis accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer device. The task was to execute a passe balance and maintain the position for 30 seconds, which was the duration of the test, and then perform the same task with the other leg. The test was repeated for both legs in a side passe balance stance. Sixteen active female sub-elite rhythmic gymnasts participated in the study. Results: The results reveal significant differences in the mean travel velocity in all anatomical planes during the passe elements, indicating asymmetry in postural stability in favor of the non-dominant leg (P≤ .01). Similarly, in the side passe balance test, significant differences were observed in the mediolateral (in favor of the dominant leg) and anteroposterior (in favor of the non-dominant leg) total distances, indicating asymmetry in postural stability (P= .03). However, no significant differences were found in other postural stability parameters, the ellipse (EA) and the total length of the trajectory (Len(D)). Conclusions: Evident asymmetries in movement speed during the passe element and imbalances in weight distribution during the side passe balance test do not appear to compromise overall postural stability considering that asymmetry was not proven in several variables, such as the ellipse or the total length of the trajectory. These findings shed light on the potential impact of asymmetries on performance and injury risk in rhythmic gymnastics, emphasizing the importance of considering sport-specific balance tests.