Abstract
The exciting possibility of detecting supernova, solar, and atmospheric neutrinos with coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering detectors is within reach, opening up new avenues to probe New Physics. We explore the possibility of constraining non-standard coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering through astrophysical neutrinos. Sensitivity bounds on the mass and coupling of the new mediator are obtained by inspecting the modifications induced by the new interaction on the recoil rate observable in the upcoming RES-NOVA and DARWIN facilities. Under the assumption of optimal background tagging, the detection of neutrinos from a galactic supernova burst, or one-year exposure to solar and atmospheric neutrinos, will place the most stringent bounds for mediator couplings $g \gtrsim 10^{-5}$ and mediator masses between 1 and 100 MeV. A similar, but slightly improved, potential to COHERENT will be provided for larger mediator masses. In particular, RES-NOVA and DARWIN may potentially provide one order of magnitude tighter constraints than XENON1T on the mediator coupling. Non-standard coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering may also force neutrinos to be trapped in the supernova core; this argument allows to probe the region of the parameter space with $g \gtrsim 10^{-4}$, which is currently excluded by other coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering facilities or other astrophysical and terrestrial constraints.
Highlights
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS) [1] has recently been observed by the COHERENT Collaboration [2,3], despite the challenges due to the low recoil energy [4]
Since our main goal is to investigate the sensitivity of CνNS to new physics, we focus on the modifications induced by the nonstandard ν þ N → ν þ N reaction on the ScoNnsptrhayinsitcss.onThgis1⁄4inpteffigrffiaffiνfficffigffiffitqffii.onWcehannengellecatllothwes us to place contribution from the nonstandard neutrino bremsstrahlung, as it is expected to be a subleading process
We rely on the impact that the nonstandard coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering would have on the physics of core-collapse supernovae, as well as the effect of nonstandard reactions occurring between supernova, solar, and atmospheric neutrinos and the nuclei in RES-NOVA, DARWIN, XENONnT, and XENON1T
Summary
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS) [1] has recently been observed by the COHERENT Collaboration [2,3], despite the challenges due to the low recoil energy [4]. The advantage of CEνNS is the coherently enhanced cross section at low recoil energy coming from the square of the neutron number of the nucleus [36] For this reason, the elastic scattering of neutrinos on protons or nuclei was proposed long ago as an attractive option to detect astrophysical neutrinos [37,38,39]. The employment of an array of cryogenic detectors based on archaeological lead (Pb) and the high Pb cross section with the ultrahigh radiopurity of archaeological Pb promise high event statistics in RES-NOVA with easy scalability to large detector volumes Building on these new exciting developments, in this work we aim at placing constraints on the light mediator of CEνNS by adopting SN, solar, and atmospheric neutrinos. We explore the impact of the uncertainty on the SN model on the sensitivity bounds in Appendix A, and the dependence of the SN neutrino rate on the mediator mass in Appendix B
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