Abstract
In this short review paper I will draw attention to the most important steps made in the past decade toward a better understanding of the physics governing our Universe. The results that I will discuss are drawn from the photonic astrophysics, particle astrophysics, and neutrino astrophysics, which constitute the main tools for exploring the Universe. The union of these three tools has given rise to a new field of physics known as Astroparticle Physics. Because of the limited length of this paper, I have selected only a few arguments that, in my opinion, have been crucial for the progress of Physics.
Highlights
Astroparticle Physics, a new field of physics, was formed about twenty years ago by joining the efforts of the community of High Energy Astrophysicists and the community of Particle Physicists
Results emerging from the study of cosmic sources via photonic astrophysics, particle astrophysics, and neutrino astrophysics have been stimulating the scientific community toward a unifying scheme for general comprehension of the physics governing our Universe
From the the Lyα luminosity function (LF), clustering measurements and the Lyα line profiles based on the largest sample to date of 207 Lyα emitters at z = 6.6 on the 1 deg2 sky of Subaru/XMMNewton Deep Survey field, Ouchi et al (2010) found that the combination of various reionization models and observational results about the LF, clustering, and line profile indicates that there would exist a small decrease of the intergalactic medium’s (IGM’s) Lyα transmission owing to reionization, but that the hydrogen IGM is not highly neutral at z = 6.6
Summary
Astroparticle Physics, a new field of physics, was formed about twenty years ago by joining the efforts of the community of High Energy Astrophysicists and the community of Particle Physicists Over this relatively short period of time, Astroparticle Physics has developed strongly through the study of cosmic sources that emit photons, charged particles, and neutrinos. The combined use of these three tools has given rise to a new field of physics, known as Astroparticle Physics All cosmic sources, both discrete and diffuse, are variable at different time scales in intensity and in spectral shape. The brevity of the flares implies that the γ-rays were emitted via synchrotron radiation from 1015 eV electrons in a region smaller than 1.4 × 10−2 pc These are the highest energy particles that can be associated with a discrete astronomical source, and they pose challenges to particle acceleration theory. Giovannelli & SabauGraziati (2010, 2012a), and De Angelis, Mansutti & Persic (2008) have discussed papers about the multifrequency behaviour of high energy cosmic sources, and very high energy (VHE) γ-ray astrophysics
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